Choose one of the following questions, and write a complete essay of approximately 7 to 9 pages. You need not use secondary sources, but if you do, be sure to cite them using proper bibliographic form.

Your essay should be thoughtful, substantial, and considered. This essay is due Wednesday, April 25 (note the change in due date from the 27th). Papers must be handed in on time. Papers handed in late will receive a one grade deduction for each class they are late.

1) Stanley Fish called his early study of Paradise Lost, Surprised by Sin: The Reader in Paradise Lost. He argues that Milton's "purpose is to educate the reader to an awareness of his position and responsibilities as a fallen man" (1). Given Fish's thesis, how does Milton achieve this through his characterizations of Satan and God? Why does he construct the two characters as he does? Fish's study is now on reserve in the library for our course.

2) Milton offers an interesting theological and allegorical discussion of the "birth" of Sin. Looking specifically at the "character"of Sin, discuss the "nature of Sin" and what philosophers call "the problem of evil." If God is responsible, ultimately, for the existence of every being and thing in the universe, how can we (and how does Milton) explain the existence of Sin? Your paper should include discussions of both "Sin" and "sin" but should begin with "Sin." Some of this essay might also address the issue of theodicy–the defense of God's justice (which, after all, is the topic of Milton's entire poem).

3) Choose one book of Paradise Lost and write a general introduction for an academic audience. Assume your introduction will be part of a new edition of Paradise Lost aimed for use in undergraduate Milton seminars. Your introduction should cover the major critical issues (and survey some of the important critical studies–a trip to the library will be necessary). Do not merely summarize the contents of the book you choose; that's beside the point. Instead you are providing an introduction to the important themes, ideas, and concerns in the book.

N.B. When citing Milton, use book.line number, the book number in arabic numerals (4.50-62).